Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Competitiveness And Market Structure Of Indian Banking Industry - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1898 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Introduction After 1991 crisis, Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s liberalisation journey was multi-faceted. One of the major areas of liberalization was the banking sector which was highly regulated and controlled by government. Most importantly for banking industry, as per the M. Narasimhan committee recommendations, the liberalization came in the right areas namely interest rate, reduction of reserve requirements, entry deregulation, credit policies and prudential supervision. Incase of interest rates, they could now be determined by the banks based on their cost of funds rather then government fixing them for banks. The administered regime for interest rate came to an end except for interest rate on savings account. The reduction of reserve requirement for banks made huge capital available for banks which could be deployed in the business. The entry of new players was de-regulated. The government empowered the Reserve Bank of India to issue licenses to the new players, if they met the set criteria jointly set by RBI and Finance Ministry. The credit rationing was completely done away with. Although there is still credit rationing for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“priority sectorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, the banks are free to deploy their capital on the sectors which they feel profitable. Excessive supervision regime came to an end. The Reserve Bank of India made several changes in prudential supervision and gave autonomy to banks in their day-to-day operation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Competitiveness And Market Structure Of Indian Banking Industry" essay for you Create order The total asset size of Indian Banking industry is over US$ 270 billion. The total deposit amount is US$ 200 billion. Its branch network is one of the largest in the world with more than 66,000 branches and over 17,000 ATM spread across the country. The bank assets are expected to grow at 13.4% CAGR and it is predicted that India could become the 3rd largest banking hub in the world by 2040. Currently India has 80 Scheduled commercial banks out of which 28 are public sector banks, 24 private banks and 28 foreign banks (Annual Report, RBI). As Indian economy is growing at an average rate of over 7% since a decade, more and more foreign banks are thinking to foray into the Indian market. As per McKinseyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report on Indian Banking (2010), total loans-to-percentage of GDP, could grow from its current level of around 30% to ~45% in years to come. Such huge opportunities also prompts several questions: Who is/ are the dominant players in the market? What is/are their share in the banking industry? What is the market structure of Indian banking industry; is it a monopoly or a perfect competition? Objectives and Motivation: The objective of this dissertation is to understand the Indian banking industry, its composition (nationalised banks, private bank and foreign banks) and knowing the players of the industry. Further the study will find out how much concentrated the Indian banking industry is and provide knowledge regarding top 3 as well as top 5 major banks. Such a concentration ratio would give a fair idea of how decision of the top players as an implication on the other industry players. The study will include the determination of the market structure of Indian banking industry. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s imperative to know whether the industry is a perfect competition, a monopoly or a monopolistic competition. This would lead to understanding of the cohesive behaviour of the market players. My motivation for choosing this topic came from the complexity of the Indian banking industry. The number of players, entry of new players, consolidation among the existing players, ever-changing economic scenario of India etc and its impact on the banking industry always fascinated me to do a study on the Indian Banking industry. I also feel that such study would be useful not only for the policymakers within the central bank and the government but also for the existing players, the potential entrants and for other stakeholders of the banking industry. Literature Review As per the neoclassical theory, the spectrum of market structure can be defined by the number of firms and size of those firms in the market [Goddard, Molyneux Wilson (2001)]. Various numerical measures of concentration have been used by empirical researchers in order to find the concentration of industry players. But at the same time, there is no single perfect measure for concentration [Goddard, Molyneux Wilson (2001)]. Nevertheless all these measure are subject to the idiosyncracies and limitation; they usually tend to correlate highly with each other [Curry and George (1983); Scherer and Ross (1990)]. Hall and Tideman (1967) have provided the desirable properties which are required for these measures of concentration to be acceptable. Concentration measures like k-bank concentration ratio, Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) are extensively used to measure the banking sector performance as a function of market structure [Barth et al., 2004, Beck at el, 2006)]. k-bank concentration ratio For measuring the concentration of firms, the most frequently used ratio is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“k-bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? concentration ratio (Bikker 2004). The reason this ratio is so frequently used is because of its simplicity and limited data requirement. The index gives equal emphasis to the k leading banks, but neglects the many small banks in the market. It is a one dimensional measure ranging between zero and unity [Al-Muharrami S.,Matthews k., Khabari Y (2006)]. In a review of 73 US Structure-Conduct-Performance studies in banking from 1961 to 1991, in 37 studies the k-bank deposit concentration measure was used (Molyneux et al. 1996) Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI) HHI is another benchmark measure for measuring the bank concentration and gives more weight to larger banks. It was developed by A.O.Hirschman. It expands to all the banks in the system, thereby avoiding the arbitrary cut offs [Alegria, C and Schaeck K (2006)]. Bikker (2004) highlights the importance of HHI in the theoretical research. In practice, the HHI plays a pivotal role in the US for the approval of bank mergers where the post mergers market HHI cannot exceed 0.18 and that the change in the index should be less than 0.02 (Cetorelli, 1999). This index is also used to measure the bank concentration in Arab GCC banking system [Al-Muharrami S.,Matthews k., Khabari Y (2006)] and in measuring the competition and market structure in the Saudi Arabia [Al-Muharrami (2009)] Panzer and Rosse H statistics The measure of market structure helps in determining whether the market enjoys perfect competition, monopoly or monopolistic competition. This is also known measuring the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“monopoly power hypothesisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. It means that in more concentrated markets the bigger players tend to be collusive and try to dominate the market. Also their actions have considerable impact on the other market players. There are several models for determining the market structure. The models are divided into two parts: 1) Structural Models and 2) Non Structural Models. This study will employ the non-structural model approach suggested by Rosse and Panzer (1977) and Panzer and Rosse (1982, 1987), popularly known as the H-statistics. It is widely used in determining the competitive structure of the banking industry in various countries. In the banking industry, there is extensive use of Rosse and Panzer method and has got a wide practical applicability. In his study on New York banks, Shaffer (1982) had observed that banks had monopolistic competition. Similar study for Canadian banks by Nathan and Neave (1989) found a perfect competition for 1982 but monopolistic competition for 1983-84. Japan revealed perfect competition [Molyneux et al (1996)]. Molyneux et al. (1994) also tested the P-R statistics for French, German, Italian, Spanish and British banks for the period of 1986-1989 in order to determine the competitive conditions of major European countries. Methodology The study involves the use of k-bank concentration ratio and HHI ratio for gauging the competition and Panzer and Rosse for determining the monopoly power of the players of Indian Banking industry. These ratios have been extensively used in the different studies mentioned above. K-bank concentration ratio measures the market share of the top k-firms in the industry. The equation is n CRn = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬ËœSi i=1 Where Si is the market share of the i-th firm when firms are ranked in descending order of the market share. Market share is measured in terms of sales, assets or number of employees. Commonly used values of n include 3, 4, 5 or 8. The researchers have also found that there is high correlation between concentration ratios defined using alternative values of n [Bailey and Boyle (1971)]. The advantage of k-bank concentration ratio is that it is easily measurable; one needs to know only the total size of the industry and the individual sizes of firms. But it lacks in taking the size distribution of remaining firms. In this study, the market share would be measured on the basis of the loan size (assets) and the deposit size (liability) of the banks. The value of n would be 3 and 5 i.e. CR3 and CR5. HHI uses information about all points in the firm size distribution. It is defined as the sum of the squares of the markets share of all firms: N HHI = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬ËœSi2 i=1 Where Si is the market shares of the firm i and N is the total number of firms in the industry. In the calculation of HHI, the larger firms get a heavier weightage than their smaller counterparts which reflects their relative importance in the market. This study uses P-R h-statistics, a non-structural model, measuring competition and emphasizes the analysis of the competitive conduct of banks without explicit information about the structure of the market. The P-R determines the competitive behaviour of banks on the basis of the comparative static properties of reduced-form revenue equation based on cross-section data [Panzer and Rosse (1987)]. The equation is Ln(TREV) = ÃŽÂ ±0 + ÃŽÂ ±1 ln PL + ÃŽÂ ±2 ln PK + ÃŽÂ ±3 ln PF + ÃŽÂ ±4 ln RISKASS + ÃŽÂ ±5 ln ASSET + ÃŽÂ ±6 ln BR The variables are defined as follows: TREV : the ratio of total revenue to total assets PL : ratio of personnel expense to employees PK : ratio of capital expense to fixed assets PF : ratio of annual interest expense to total loanable funds RISKASS : ratio of provisions to total assets ASSET : bank total assets BR : ratio of number of branches to total number of branches in the country. The H-statistic value is the sum of factor price elasticity: PL, PK and PF. The value H à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 0 implies monopoly equilibrium. A value of 0 H 1 implies that banks operate under conditions of monopolistic competition with free entry equilibrium. A value of H = 1 is the perfect competition case with free entry equilibrium and full efficient capacity utilisation [Al-Muharrami S.,Matthews k., Khabari Y (2006)]. Data The data for all the calculations of k-bank concentration ratio, HHI and P-R H-statistics will be obtained from Orbis database. Further, the data would also be taken from the Reserve Bank of India(RBI)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s profile of banks 2004-2005 2008-2009. Incase any data is not available from the two main sources (Orbis and RBI), the data would be extracted from financial statements of banks, from their websites and from reports published on the Indian Stock exchanges namely Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE). The sample period covers 2002-2008. Conclusion The conclusion would include the interpretation of the results obtained by usage of E-view and MS- Excel software. In summation, the study would help in knowing the concentration ratio through k-bank ratio as well as HHI and help in understanding the monopoly power of large banks in India. Such a study would be helpful to determine the cohesive behaviour of the players of industry and how their decision would affect the entire industry as well as the Indian economy. With a lots consolidation happening in the industry, such a study would help in understanding the shifts in the concentration and market powers if any. Last but not the least; an attempt would be made to give some recommendations based on the results.

Monday, December 23, 2019

Jane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte - 1100 Words

Throughout the Victorian-era novel Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte utilizes religion to examine how a character’s beliefs influence not merely his or her treatment of other characters, but also the decisions that he or she makes and the reasoning behind these decisions. Jane Eyre, on her search for autonomy, searches for God’s guidance when she needs Him most. While Jane has trust in God, and acknowledges that God’s presence is everywhere, she affirms that God gives humans the power to make their own fate. Jane’s view of religion, as well as human nature, is impacted by her relationships with Helen Burns, Mr. Brocklehurst, and St. John, as religion plays a key role in the course of the lives of these three characters. By contrasting the different religious beliefs of Helen, Mr. Brocklehurst, and St. John, and by highlighting the effects of their religious views on their actions and thoughts, Bronte is asserting that a person’s religious beliefs are not consistently a strong measure of that person’s character. Helen Burns is Jane’s closest acquaintance at Lowood, often nurturing Jane with sisterly advice and giving her a shoulder to lean on. Helen has a very close relationship with God, as she closely follows His teachings and applies His biblical lessons to situations in her everyday life. Although Miss Scatcherd harshly punishes Helen when she makes the smallest of mistakes, Helen believes it is best to use this ill treatment as a motivation to succeed. She does not want toShow MoreRelatedJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1601 Words   |  7 Pagesfeminist, one must see it through the lens of the time and place Brontà « wrote it. Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre was a feminist work in that Bronte expressed disdain for oppressive gender structures through the voice of Jane Eyre, and the actions of Bertha Mason. Jane Eyre was a steamy novel for its time, with imagery as blatantly concealed as Jane’s description of Rochester’s hand as being â€Å"rounded, muscular; and vigorous†¦long, strong†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Brontà « 312) A modern reader might blush at the description and itsRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1437 Words   |  6 Pagestools that depict history. One great work of art that portrays these constant struggles is Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontà «. While addressing social issues of a governess, Brontà « also tackles Victorian society’s corrupt and unjust ideals by using different settings and characters such as Mr. Rochester and Gateshead Manor. In Jane Eyre, the depiction of a rigid social class restricts the protagonist, Jane Eyre, from marrying her love, Mr. Rochester. Sadly, Jane’s relationship is also jeopardized by passionRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1374 Words   |  6 PagesJane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte Within the specter of the Gothic fictions arises the atmosphere of gloom, terror, and mystery with some elements of uncanny challenging reality. One major characteristic function of the Gothic fictions is to open the fiction to the realm of the irrational and perverse narratives, obsessions, and nightmarish terrors that hide beneath the literally civilized mindset in order to demonstrate the presence of the uncanny existing in the world known rationally through experienceRead MoreJane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte781 Words   |  3 PagesThrough her trials and tribulations, Charlotte Bronte has kept her passion for poetry alive and remains as one of the most influential British poets of all times. Even though she is one of the most famous female writers of all times, she is mostly famous for her most popular novel Jane Eyre. Charlotte Bronte has experienced more tragedy in her life than happiness by losing her mother and all five of her siblings. But, in her moments of tragedy, she expre ssed her feelings through poetry. As a resultRead MoreJane Eyre, By Charlotte Bronte949 Words   |  4 PagesSurrounded by witnesses, Jane stands in front of the minister, poised to take her marital vows as the mystery of Thornfield unravels. Unbeknownst to her, Rochester’s actual wife, Bertha Mason, is within close proximity.The knowledge of Bertha, and the mystery, will pose as a test to Jane s morals and her character. Through Jane Eyre, a powerful Victorian-era novel, Charlotte Bronte portrays the role of women in Victorian society while masterfully solidifying Jane’s role as its polar opposite: anRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1714 Words   |  7 Pages Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brà ¶nte voiced the radical opinions of Brà ¶nte on religion, gender, and social class. Jane Eyre, a young orphan who lived with her vituperative aunt and cousins, strayed away from the Victorian ideals of a woman and established a new status for herself. Jane Eyre was originally written in 1827 and was heavily influenced by the late gothic literature of the 19th century. Gothic literary aspects such as supernatural occurrences, mysteries and dark secrets, madness and dangerRead MoreJane Eyre, By Charlotte Bronte1620 Words   |  7 PagesIt is often said that it is the role of literature to challenge and confront the conventional values of a society. In the novel, Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte the idea of challenging and confronting conventional values is stressed often. Perhaps it is in relation to the author herself, as seen in the autobiographical elements recognizable throughout the novel. Some of these autobiographical elements include the form of which the novel is written in, called Bildungsroman where the story is focusedRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe nineteenth-century Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte is considered to be a gothic novel. Gothic literature took place mostly in England from 1790 to 1830, falling in to the category of Romantic literature. The Gothic takes its roots from previous horrifying writing that extends back to the Middle Ages and can still be found in writings today by many authors including Charlotte Bronte. The strong description of horror, abuse, and gruesomeness in Gothic novels reveals truths to readers through realisticRead MoreJane Eyre, By Charlotte Bronte929 Words   |  4 PagesIn Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Brontà « explores how Jane wants to find love--not just romantic love but to value and sense of belonging. The book challenges how the language of middle-class love affects the way a character’s self-identity can alter the action, how Jane sees herself later when she found love and sense of belonging as independent women. When Jane was a child she struggles to find her own identity Jane begins to change through her journey once she realizes her own identity and this helpsRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1359 Words   |  6 PagesFollowing the ex periences of Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte, expresses many elements of gothic literature throughout her novel Jane Eyre. In her perfect understanding of gothic literature, she expresses the three types of evil commonly found in gothic literature, including the evil of the supernatural, the evil within or the instinctual evil motives of humans, and lastly, the evil because of societal influence. Jane Eyre experiences all of these three evils with her aunt and three cousins with her residency

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Strategic Global Management Free Essays

Multiple-choice Chapter 6 Which of the following is not true for a capability? A) it cannot be traded B) it changes over time C) it can be easily described in detail D) it can improve value Which of the following is not a necessary condition for the effective implementation of a pay for performance system? A) employees must be able to control the pace of production B) there should be a lower bound on product quality C) managers should receive a high bonus for the piece rate work of their employees D) team members should have roughly the same preferences for effort Which of the following is not an activity in the value chain? A) outbound procurement B) marketing C) technology development D) operations Chapter 7 A key assumption underlying theories of vertical integration is: A) Opportunistic behavior B) Suppliers and buyers have the same size C) Suppliers and buyers are located in the same country D) Firms are boundaryless In the strategic sourcing framework, firms vertically integrate when A) the firm’s need to control and its ability to perform an activity are both high B) there is high uncertainty surrounding the transaction with the supplier C) the need to control and the ability to perform the activity are uncorrelated D) the supplier has invested in high technology 14. The two most studied types of uncertainty that influence vertical integration decisions are: A) exchange rate and volume B) labor cost and technological C) material cost and labor cost D) volume and technological The standard theory of vertical integration over the industry life cycle states A) vertical integration occurs primarily in the early and late stages B) vertical integration increases in the shakeout C) vertical integration increases throughout the life cycle D) vertical integration decreases over the life cycle Chapter 8 Which of the following is generally a motivation for the formation of technology partnerships among large firms? A) coalition formation in the context of standards competition B) sharing complementary technologies C) interfirm learning of process innovations D) all of the above In which industry are partnerships based on patent sharing prevalent? A) data communications B) semiconductors C) biotechnology D) pharmaceuticals When does the ability of a potential partner to cooperate effectively become apparent? A) when it promises to follow the rules of the alliance B) when it is certified by an appropriate agency C) when the network of partnerships in the industry develops D) all of the above Chapter 9 A nationally segmented industry is one in which: A) country specific advantage and firm specific advantage are both high B) country specific advantage is high and firm-specific advantage is low C) country specific advantage is low and firm specific advantage is low D) none of the above Which of the following promote technological spillovers within a region? A) managerial transfers B) labor pooling C) regional associations D) all of the above Porter’s diamond model contains which of the following factors? A) technological spillovers B) cultural constraints C) export policies D) demand conditions Chapter 10 Which types of new business will a corporation’s financial capital contribute the most to? A) larger businesses in mature industries B) smaller units in growing industries C) larger businesses in growing industries D) smaller units in mature industries Diversification paths of firms in the same industry vary across countries because: A) the resources and capabilities of the firms in the same industry differ systematically across countries B) countries differ in the institutions that present diversification opportunities C) countries are located in different geographical locations D) the firms’ top management teams differ systematically across countries When an acquisition announcement occurs, acquisition targets often tend to: A) Enjoy a positive stock reaction B) Suffer a negative stock reaction C) Maintain their stock price D) Outsource more Chapter 11 Traditionally, firms that have grown through unrelated diversification have faced which of the following problems? A) the businesses were managed to support short-term corporate financial goals B) the complexity of the business portfolio exceeded corporate management’s capability C) there was no enduring economic rationale at the level of operations for the business units to be in the same corporation D) all of the above A transfer using a mandated market price is most effective when the downstream unit A) is attempting to establish its market position based on a cost advantage B) is attempting to establish its market position based on a value advantage C) has already achieved a dominant market position D) has failed to achieve a dominant market position Vertical integration, as represented among profit centers in a multi-business firm, is A) always superior to transactions in the market B) never superior to transactions in the market C) not necessarily superior to transactions in the market D) none of the above Open questions Describe the two key strategic motivations for international expansion? Why do multinationals emerge? How have Zara’s practices and policies regarding its boundaries contributed to its growth and performance? What was the source of tension between Stephen Davies and Christopher Carson in the BRL Hardy case? What are its strategic implications? How to cite Strategic Global Management, Essay examples

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Leadership Glenn Rowe And Laura Guerrero- MyAssignment Help

Questions: 1. The major concerns, challenges and difficulties identified in this case study? 2. The secondary issues, disputes and problems pointed out in this case study? 3. The underlying causes or the sources of the issues? 4. The probable solutions to the circumstances identified in the case? 5. The best possible solution for the case situation? Answers: Introduction The present case study outlines the importance the leadership skill and identifies it as the most sustainable competitive edge in a progressively more competitive and boundary less business world (Hoch and Dulebohn, 2013). The case study on performance coaching with reference to the role of Darcy Gallagher gives the opportunity to comprehend the qualities and skills that need to be nourished to become an effective leader. The kingpin of the case study is the important elements of competency that affect the leadership outcomes and are influenced by the individual characteristics of the leader as well. The main purpose of the Coaching Performance to be conducted at Elmwood is to develop responsiveness to coaching facilities that are available in the daily work routine and aids the mangers to identify the problems of the members, the prompt responses to address their problems and add to the contribution made for long term career growth of the leaders as well as their subordinates. 1. The major concerns, challenges and difficulties identified in this case study The major issues identified in this case study are the skills lacked by Gallagher to handle the staffs and members , the high rated self assessment by Gallagher that speaks about his disagreement to change. Gallagher is a diligent manager who lacks soft skills and is very critical about his staff and cant delegate, entrust and coach team members. This is why the employees reporting him get dissatisfied to work in the weekend due to arousal of some business exigencies. He also lacks interpersonal as well as the conflict resolution skills, that is why he has got a shocking result from the 360 degree feedback this year. Gallagher is an ambitious and confident sales manager who works hard for recognition and do not feel the need for change in a bid to develop and sharpen his leadership skills, hence marked him highly. It is for this reason Gallagher marks himself highly in the self assessment card although his sub ordinates have marked him below average. 2. The secondary issues, disputes and problems pointed out in this case study The self assessment card of Darcy Gallagher reveals that he has marked himself very highly and in three cases he has marked himself above the job requirement. The areas include financial acumen, focus and drive. This discloses the fact that Gallagher is dedicated to attain high levels of performance in a very cost effective way. This is why he pushes his staffs hard to work even on weekends. Many staff members that have left the company due to excessive work stress under him has been referred as the desirable turnover by Gallagher. 3. The underlying causes or the sources of the issues A. Illustration of the sources of the difficulties identified in the case The underlying causes behind the difficulties identified in the case study are the lack of integration between critical Human Resource strategies and leadership development. Elmwood is deficient in establishing an information system for inventorying skilled workforce. The evaluation systems are not adequate to spot and deploy talented workers. The leader failed to advise individual career plans for the professional growth and development of the staff members (Ivancevich, 2010). There is lack of bench mark in the leadership performances of the mangers against established yardstick of the high worth organizations. B. Categorization of the causal factors behind the leadership issues identified in the case study B.i. Individual Influences Personality- personality traits develop leadership competencies and thereby achieve higher performance level (Klein and Delery, 2012). Gallagher lack the tolerance for vagueness, adaptability and openness that has created the organizational problems. Motivation-Leaders can exert immense influence on the group by being dominant for the social good for the organization as a whole (Dries, 2013). However, Gallagher has exerted dominance over his group by asking them work during weekends but with a hard edge. He lacks the soft abilities to convince them to do the work willingly. Perception-This is a particular type of leadership competence where the leaders can emphatically solve organizational problems. They can sense other peoples attitudes and actions when deal with changes (Mathis and Jackson, 2011). Here in this case too, Gallagher failed to derive the requisite knowledge regarding the people reporting him. Gallagher came to know about the dissatisfaction of the staff members receiving the 360 degrees feedback. He didnt decide to change his attitude after the departure of some of his employees as he pushed hard to extract higher performance level from them. He instead took it as a cost effective as well as a desirable turnover. Education- Education helps to develop the mental schema that is referred to as the ability to arrange information and form complex schemata that aids one to think effectively (Strohmeier, 2013).Gallagher has a commerce degree from the University of Toronto and a major in marketing that earned him a job but didnt help him much to develop his problem solving as well as man management skills and devise alternate strategies to alleviate the issues. Status- the status of the leader can mediate interpersonal problems in the organizations that Gallagher currently lack. This shows that the leadership competency of Gallagher with respect to social performance is low. B.ii. Group Influences Communication- The case study brings into light the fact that the organizational problem related to employee turnover has come up due to poor communication among the employees. The authoritarian leader, Gallagher lacks soft skills and has failed to convince and inspire the staff to perform better and put in extra effort. He has been unsuccessful in communicating the career growth opportunities of the members. For all these reason the Elmwood might have faced the problem of attrition. Decision making Responsiveness to the problems faced by the organization requires good decision making capability by the leaders (Mondy and Mondy, 2010). The lack of this competency can also be attributed as a major cause for the issues faced by Elmwood. Conflict- There are conflicts among members of the groups mainly due to conflicting interests and opinions. A leader needs to assume a dominant role and intervene to solve the problems promptly. Leadership- This issues regarding lack of leadership capabilities needs to be addressed by the strategic managers of the company quickly to resolve the issue promptly. B.iii. Organizational Influences Structure- the hierarchical structure of the organization might have posed a problem to the organization that has hindered open communication. Controls- The authoritarian leadership of Gallagher shows that power and control is concentrated in the hands of the managers that might have caused the labor dissatisfaction. Culture- The varied culture of the organization operating at varied locations need international leadership capabilities that they currently lack. B.iv. Environmental Influences Economic- Corporations get affected by the business environment in which it operates. The economy is also another factor that can affect the organization and create hurdles for smooth operations (Brookes and Grint, 2010). The monetary and fiscal policies can also affect the function. Market-Market is the most factors that help the company to sustain. Sometimes leaders who cite poor market condition as a reason for poor performance of the company needs to be replaced. Regulatory Issues- the regulatory issues can impose stringent laws that can in turn make the operations of the organizations tough in all the varied locations. 4. The probable solutions to the circumstances identified in the case A. Different approaches to resolve the issues that surface up in the case Coaching Performance can help to develop responsiveness to coaching facilities that can be obtained in daily operations. It can help the mangers to recognize the problems of the members, devise prompt responses to resolve their problems and help to achieve long term career growth of the leaders as well as the staff members (Mahapatro, 2010). B. Evaluating the impact of each factor in resolving the problems The individual characteristics can be improved by developing the personality, convincing and motivational capabilities critical to the employee relationship management as well as development of the overall organization. A better communication system can be established in the organization in order to be aware of the difficulties and also to escalate it to the higher authorities. It will help management to promptly respond to the issues and resolve the conflicts easily. 5. The best possible solution for the case situation The best possible solution would be to organize a performance coaching or a workshop where the employees can both assess as well as develop the competencies that needs to be improved. References Brookes, S. and Grint, K. (2010). The new public leadership challenge. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Dries, N. (2013). Talent management, from phenomenon to theory: Introduction to the Special Issue. Human Resource Management Review, 23(4), pp.267-271. Hoch, J. and Dulebohn, J. (2013). Shared leadership in enterprise resource planning and human resource management system implementation. Human Resource Management Review, 23(1), pp.114-125. Ivancevich, J. (2010). Human resource management. Boston: McMcGraw-Hill Irwin. Klein, H. and Delery, J. (2012). Construct clarity in human resource management research: Introduction to the special issue. Human Resource Management Review, 22(2), pp.57-61. Mahapatro, B. (2010). Human resource management. New Delhi: New Age International Ltd. Mathis, R. and Jackson, J. (2011). Human resource management. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-western. Mondy, R. and Mondy, J. (2010). Human resource management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Strohmeier, S. (2013). Employee relationship management Realizing competitive advantage through information technology?. Human Resource Management Review, 23(1), pp.93-104.

Friday, November 29, 2019

What do we learn about Blanches character Essay Example For Students

What do we learn about Blanches character? Essay In this essay I am going to explore what the text in Scene 9, page 98 (from Its dark in here up to page 99 believe you was straight) tell us about Blanches character. This passage is essentially based on and has emphasis on, symbols such as shadows and light, a paper lantern hiding ugliness, words with double meaning it is an obvious metaphor of Blanches conception of reality. In this passage Blanche is made to appear nervous about Mitch having such a radical change of humour in comparison to the last time she saw him. Blanche keeps chattering uncontrollably and the audience would start to see her laugh breathlessly from the moment in which Mitch declares I dont think I ever seen you in the light. Thats a fact! Blanches only way to evade talking about her physical appearance and, eventually, her age, is to answer with a short and artificial Is it? , pretending not to understand him. As a response, Mitch then tears the Chinese paper lantern off the light bulb and switches on the light. She is portrayed as a woman afraid of aging and light. We will write a custom essay on What do we learn about Blanches character? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now She is always shown trying to hide from any type of thing which is likely to give a clue about what is her real age. The reader is already aware of this earlier in the play. Williams uses this passage to illustrate that she likes darkness. For Blanche, light is to be feared while darkness is a kind friend on which she can rely to hide her fading beauty and, metaphorically, the ugliness and cruelty of the real world. A world in which she has had many bad experiences that no longer wants to remember. We can see an example of Blanches panic towards light when she says (fearfully) Light? Which light? What for? As Mitch shows a clear an interest in Blanche, she is afraid he will find out about the chapter in her life when she is acting almost as a prostitute. Stanley finds out about this and threatens to tell. Another incident the audience is already aware of is when Blanches husband committed suicide, a heartbreak for which she felt responsible and guilty. This passage partly explains Blanches character by exposing her reaction to these events, she has had a hard time accepting them and tries to replace truth with utopia. It is easy for an audience to understand why Blanche wants magic instead of realism after having witnessed this information about her fragile persona during the play. It is the only way to maintain her illusions, and if her illusions disappear, her sanity vanishes. Even though Blanche may be a dreamy character, with dreamy thoughts, and hard to know when she is telling the truth or just making up a lie, she is really aware of being this way. She is shown here to be clear-headed and frank about her need to camouflage reality, to disguise the truth. I misrepresent things to them. I dont tell the truth, I tell what ought to be the truth. Finally, when she is conscious about having lost Mitch she adds And if that is sinful, then let me be damned for it! This also tells us that Blanche can have a wiser half, but can also have a bad temper if she gets excessively irritated about something she cares, as we can see some pages later, before the end of Scene 9, when Mitch has to run away in a startled grasp. It could be said that Blanche is represented as a character dependant on male admiration and desire in order for her to have some self-esteem and this is reinforced in this passage when she says There is some obscure meaning in this but I fail to catch it and What are you leading up to? , as she wants to try to evade the conversation to make Mitch preserve the image of a good-looking lady he has about Blanche, even though she surely knows that Mitch is wishing to have a closer look at her. .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9 , .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9 .postImageUrl , .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9 , .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9:hover , .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9:visited , .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9:active { border:0!important; } .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9:active , .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9 .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud8e4b26d5b8e622431c15e761e6eabf9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alexander Pope poem EssayIn conclusion, this passage of the play reinforces the idea of Blanche not just being a character with lunatic dreams. She is proved here to be intelligent and self-aware of creating an imaginary disguised world in which she can retreat and hide from the ugliness of reality. We discover a more mature version of Blanche. Her foolish way of acting is cleared away to illustrate her true feelings, which are profounder than what the reader could have imagined at the beginning of the play.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Healthcare Performance Management Systems Essay Example

Healthcare Performance Management Systems Essay Example Healthcare Performance Management Systems Paper Healthcare Performance Management Systems Paper In defining performance management, Ahn (2001) state that, performance management is a practice that contributes to the effectual management of workers and work teams so as to attain high standards of organization performance. Thus, it creates shared understanding regarding what needs to be attained and a manner in which to lead workers which will guarantee that they attain these high standards. Ahn (2001) adds that, performance management is a strategy which is related to each activity performed in the organization formulated in the framework of its human resource management policies, values and communication channels. Nonetheless, the strategy differs with each organization. Individual organization will have to carryout a research to determine the best performance management system that would be the best for the organization and its business environment. Ahn (2001) further asserts that, it is most doubtful that a single system would solve all their requirements. This report will examine how balanced scorecards are used in the cardiovascular department of Miriam hospital, one of the well known hospitals in America. Explaining balanced scorecards? Balanced scorecards can be explained as a management tool or system that outlines the strategic objectives of an organization into performance metrics in four viewpoints; these are, financial, customers, internal process and leaning as well as growth. These four viewpoints offer pertinent feedback as to how best the strategic objectives are being carried out so that the necessary adjustments can be undertaken. However, not all organizations are able to successful implement and use balanced scorecard The balanced scorecard was introduced by Kaplan and David Norton as a system of changing performance measurements to embrace the new demands of changing environment (Kaplan Norton 1992). Today, the balanced scorecard is accepted by a lot of organizations as a system that has revolutionized the manner information is collected, decisions are reached and strategy is executed. The objectives of balanced score card are two, which are: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Facilitate an organization in managing its strategy through connecting it to its corporate goals, objectives and initiatives, by measuring and targeting each level of the organization. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Attain a balanced standard of performance measures as well as targets that permits managers to follow progress in main aspects. Scope of balanced scorecards Balanced scorecards model is a holistic system that can be applied at different levels across the entire organization, or a group. It is applied in managing strategy by connecting organization objectives to its initiatives, goals and measures through a number of corporate standpoints. These standpoints are established by the organization employing this model. Perspectives Balanced scorecards Balanced scorecards propose that an organization should be viewed on four perspectives, so that the organization formulates metrics, gathers data and evaluates the data in relation to these four perspectives.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Global Education Workshop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global Education Workshop - Essay Example Audience of the Project: The main audience of this project would be the educators, the school leaders and the community members who need to be educated about the importance of global education in the area. And the secondary audience of the global education workshop would be the school children who would be given the briefing about the importance of global education in their school environment to become a responsible global citizen. Global Education Model for Workshop: The model for global education workshop would be based on developing the understanding of values, attitudes, skills and knowledge within the group of educators, teachers, school leaders and the community members on how they can be a responsible citizens and how they can develop their own understanding about the developmental, political, humanitarian and societal issues in addressing the problems of their communities. The workshop would long for 9 hours for just a day. The workshop should work on the following guidelines : 1- Clarification of the goals and objectives such as what kind of message is centered for the audience at the end of the workshop? What are the major goals behind conducting the workshop? The strategy and the action plan according to which it is being organized. 2- Involvement of the primary audience and the partnering organization. It is important to target audience from different communities and cultural backgrounds and each one should be assigned with a specific task according to their role. It is equally important to understand that how each one of them fulfills the assigned role and responsibility. 3- Action Plan includes that how the organizers can develop relationship between the content and the audience to increase their involvement according to their... The model for global education workshop would be based on developing the understanding of values, attitudes, skills and knowledge within the group of educators, teachers, school leaders and the community members on how they can be a responsible citizens and how they can develop their own understanding about the developmental, political, humanitarian and societal issues in addressing the problems of their communities. The workshop would long for 9 hours for just a day. The workshop should work on the following guidelines:The model for global education workshop would be based on developing the understanding of values, attitudes, skills and knowledge within the group of educators, teachers, school leaders and the community members on how they can be a responsible citizens and how they can develop their own understanding about the developmental, political, humanitarian and societal issues in addressing the problems of their communities. The workshop would long for 9 hours for just a day. The workshop should work on the following guidelines:1- Clarification of the goals and objectives such as what kind of message is centered for the audience at the end of the workshop? What are the major goals behind conducting the workshop? The strategy and the action plan according to which it is being organized.2- Involvement of the primary audience and the partnering organization. It is important to target audience from different communities and cultural backgrounds and each one should be assigned with a specific task according to their role. It is equally important to understand that how each one of them fulfills the assigned role and responsibility.3- Action Plan includes that how the organizers can develop the relationship between the content and the audience to increase their involvement according to their environment and location.4- Timing, budget, and human resources also play an important role in structuring the model for global education workshop.5- Develop an activity o utcome chart for each action taught to the participants.  

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Accountin information system Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Accountin information system - Coursework Example The main parts of the revenue cycle are the sales order processing subsystem and the cash receipts system. The sales order system includes units such as the sales, credit, billing, warehouse, shipping, billing, inventory control, accounts receivable and general ledger. Another important unit is involved with the sales returns on the basis of the fact that the sales made are not always final. The cash receipts system on the other hand is involved in the financial phase of the revenue cycle (Hall 2004, ch.4). 2. Validity checks, completeness tests and reasonableness tests can be used to ensure accuracy of customer orders on the basis of the principle regarding levels of authorization. Validity of the transaction, completeness of the process involved in the sales made and the reliability of the processes undertaken are included in the factors that can determine the finality of the transaction. In addition, the data that are gathered can be used to determine the expected sales in a particular period rendering the amount of funds that can be collected. 3. The CRM refers to customer relationship management which can be considered as one of the important parts of the accounting information systems. It is generally used for storage of customer data (Encyclopedia of Business and Finance). 4. EDI or electronic data interchange is an input device in the AIS that can help the billing and account receivable process by increasing the speed of the phases involved through automatically adjusting the correct input of data (Encyclopedia of Business and Finance). 7. The credit approval is an important part of the revenue cycle on the basis of the fact that it can be considered as part of the build up for a proper provision for in-debt payments. The said process reduces the risk of over invoicing a non-credit worthy customer, thus, decreasing the risk for unpaid accounts. It serves as a way of counter-checking (Encyclopedia of

Monday, November 18, 2019

Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Marketing Plan - Essay Example Supplementing it will be rice and salad. Juices will also be served but this will also be squeezed in front of the customer and fulfill our health proposition. The total estimated cost of setting up the restaurant is estimated to be $70, 000. The selection of the products served by us is justified by many reasons. First and foremost is the inclusion of chicken in the eating menu of most of the people. This will give is an instant head-start because chicken preparations are liked by almost every single person. Secondly, from health and nutrition point of view, juices will also attract people. In a nutshell, chicken and juice will serve as a short-meal combination which can satisfy short span hunger and can be eaten before proper meals. Initially price will be set lower to attract customers and develop confidence in them of our food and service quality at reasonable prices. It will also be set keeping in mind what other restaurants serving the same item are charging for it. But we will fix the rate at slightly low. Place selected for the business is Downtown San Francisco where tourists come from all over the world and the place welcomes people from diverse culture. Because chicken is an item liked by almost all cultures and traditions, this place offers the most advantageous position to locate our business. Promotion strategies of our business will include radio announcements, pamphlet distribution, hoardings, newspaper advertisements and word-of-mouth publicity. Initially, discounts will be provided on family orders and inviting friends. We will also try to gain contracts at major shops and tourist destinations for serving our juices there. Later on when the business catches up, loyalty cards and rewards will be given to regular customers to retain them and get positive feedbacks and publicity. Our primary target market will be tourists who try each and every item selling at the place they visit.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Discrimination in Academia and Affirmative Action

Discrimination in Academia and Affirmative Action Mitch Shea Affirmative Action Principles:  Discrimination in Academia Affirmative Action, as defined by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, is distinguishable as the positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and culture from which they have been historically excluded. [1] Accordingly, the fairness of Affirmative Action principles has repeatedly been called into question, not just within the United States, but global as well. These arguments for and against Affirmative Action and its subsequent principles are in constant debate, both morally and politically. These debates often mirror those of academics, both for and against-those arguing for the need of Affirmative action and its positive effect on social unity and distributive justice, and those arguing upon political principle, often referencing the Civil Rights Act of 1964, quoting Title VI and Title VII. Throughout history, Affirmative Action principles and subsequent political literature and court rulings have been identified as a process or evolution-definitional, in a sense, by local and federal court systems. In less than a decade after the creation and ratification of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Supreme Court contributed heavily to the molding of Affirmative Action and its principles [2]. In short, the Supreme Court ruled that all institutions would need to assess or reassess their institutional practice and policies related to the exclusionary practice not necessary to an institutions activities [2]. This ruling gave a definitional meaning to Affirmative Action that had been lacking previously. It gave distinctiveness to the main role and principle behind Affirmative Action that stated the purpose of which was to not necessarily compensate for past occurrences of unjustness, but rather to direct compliance with nondiscrimination as defined by the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This paper aims to call into question Nebraska Initiative 424 and the possible snowball effects it might have on private and public academic discrimination, both locally and nationally. In the election of 2008, the state of Nebraska voted (58%) to effectively ban Affirmative Action at the state governmental level, prohibiting the state from granting Affirmative Action principles to prohibit the state from discriminating against, or granting preferential treatment to any individual or group on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity, or national origin in the operation of public employment, public education, or public contracting [3], [4]. Several arguments in favor of the initiative have been put into place and are ongoing including those identifying the anti-discriminatory laws supposedly favoring racial preferences having the same discrimination-like effects that their very role was designed to incapacitate [5]. Other constituents argued that Affirmative Action principles in the state of Nebraska explicitly understated the states motto: Equality Before the Law. Several more arguments ensued including the undermining of minority achievement, causes a mismatch effect of qualified and underqualified students in higher education, and the lowering of statewide standards in a multitude of private and public settings [5]. When discussing Affirmative Action principles, it is difficult to view the objectivity of the arguments for and against them and the government regulations related to them; however, Affirmative Action principles are existent and have been presented in such a manner that cannot be understated. It is necessary to break stereotypes, providing new opportunities and introductions to undiscovered possibilities for minorities, gives the needed boost for disadvantaged students to succeed as they rightfully should both in education and the workplace, increase and maintain minority enrollment in higher education, and provide cultural diversity that the United States, the Worlds Melting Pot, was built upon. Nebraska Initiative 424 is part of a general push against Affirmative Action. This has been seen in many other states including California, Texas, Washington, and Michigan. In fact, of the 8 states that have set in place amendments similar to that of Nebraska Initiative 424, a total of 29% o f the learning population resides in them [6]. So why should Affirmative Action principles remain in place and be the standard bearer of civil liberties and rights? Affirmative Action promotes equality. It basically states that guidelines and steps must be taken to guarantee equal opportunity in the workplace and in education. Attempting to create an even playing field does not mean that Affirmative Action is anti-white or anti-male. This is a misnomer or misinterpretation of the roles of Affirmative Action. The role that Affirmative Action plays, has played, and should continue to always play is the dismantling of discriminatory practicing through increased representation, improved equality and access, and equal opportunity at every age. Affirmative Action does not pull down, but rather builds up. First, take the impact of the banning of Affirmative Action through amendments like Nebraskas Nebraska Initiative 424. In a 2014 study on the Changes in Levels of Affirmative Action in College Admissions in Response to Statewide Bans and Judicial Rulings by G. Blume and M. Long, it was identified that the decline in affirmative actionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦affects not only students in these states but also those students who live in adjacent states, particularly when the adjacent states lack highly selective colleges [7]. The study analyzed the extent to which universities changed the weight placed directly on the applicant being a minority [7]. The extent to which minorities were affected in terms of acceptance in the banned Affirmative Action states was much more than that in other states (a 23% drop in minority admission v. 1% drop in other states) [7]. The importance of understanding racial diversity falls upon the educational system, but has a fundamental basis in employment as well. This is because workplace behavior has a broader range of perspective viewpoints for analyzing Affirmative Action-related outcomes. F. Kurtulus found that Affirmative Action ban within some states resulted in declines in Asian and Black female and Hispanic male representation (this data was representative of minorities employed in state and local governments) [8]. Although objectively understanding the changes is still vitally important, as it was observed the drastic change in Asian female representation was limited to the first year of implementation due to the small number of Asian females in legislative and governmental roles [8]. The paper summarizes a significant loss in workplace diversity, directly contradicting opposition to Affirmative Action. This data can be expected to be somewhat related to that of which is seen in academia. Secondly, the relevance of racial diversity, or lack thereof, in medical school matriculation should be one of importance to the University of Nebraska Medical Center. The statewide laws banning the consideration of race in postsecondary admissions pose serious obstacles for the medical profession to address the health-care crisis facing the nation [9]. The overall percentage of racial minority representation in the medical field falls below that of what should be expected. Roughly half as many African Americans and Latinos are represented within medicine than should really be. Accordingly, it equates to a 17.2% decline in the first time matriculation of underrepresented student populations in public medical schools [9]. It is feared that the decline in the number of minorities populating medical schools will further exacerbate the already present shortage of physicians, especially in heavily populated minority communities. The answer to which is unclear for states that have effectiv ely banned Affirmative Action principles. The needed compensation for such lack of representation needs to be answered as the physician shortage only increases and underserved communities face the most difficult of challenges. Finally, there is the underlying responsibility for racial disparity, both globally and locally. In universities from states that have adopted Affirmative Action-related bans or amendments with anti-Affirmative Action-related language, sufficient differences in matriculation and enrollment have occurred. Accordingly, K. West-Faulcon writes that racial disparities in admissions rates for universities that have undergone state-litigated anti-Affirmative Action principles changes in admissions, could be deemed unsatisfactory within federal regulation standards and thus be liable in future cases taken up against these universities [10]. This implies possible future avenues that could be reached for universities to bypass state level anti-Affirmative Action laws and regulations [10]. Which in and of itself shows that the evolution of Affirmative Action principles go both ways, but nonetheless are very much still needed in this day and age. References [1] https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/affirmative-action/ [2] https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/civil-rights-act/legal-events-timeline.html [3] https://web.archive.org/web/20081107110152/http://www.nebraskacri.org/ballotlanguage.html [4] http://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/articles.php?article=I-30 [5] https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122445872052148477 [6] https://tcf.org/content/commentary/what-can-we-learn-from-states-that-ban-affirmative-action/ [7] http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.3102/0162373713508810 [8] http://gap.hks.harvard.edu/impact-eliminating-affirmative-action-minority-and-female-employment-natural-experiment-approach [9] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4454423/ [10] https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/101-westfaulcon157upalrev10752009pdf

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Essay --

The Journey of Knowledge In David Northrup’s Africa’s discover of Europe, he gives an overview of the encounter between Africans and Europeans from 140-1850. Africans played a huge role of the globalizing of cultural and economic transactions. The first encounters between the two continents were mutual. Both parties tried to gain from each other through their transactions. The purpose of this book is to inform readers that we shouldn’t look at Africans as the victim, rather as an active contributor in the African-European relation. Early encounters of Africans in the Western world and Europeans in Africa began to change the societies in Europe and Africa. The fifteenth century â€Å"marks the beginning of an era of continuous and increasing interactions between the two continents and their cultures† (Northrup 2). Also, â€Å"commercial and cultural interactions grew both Africans and Europeans made many adjustments in their ideas of each other† (2). In other words, the depictions of Africans in Europe began to change as Africans became more common in Europe, and â€Å"Africans were also expanding their knowledge and understanding of Europe† (3). One important aspect of the encounter between European and African precolonial nations was trade. Before the European voyages of exploration in the fifteenth century, African rulers and merchants had formed a trade link between the Mediterranean world and within the continent, there were local exchanges among regional neighbors which will later conn ect themselves in long range trade. For example, the supply of slaves from Africa into the Mediterranean Europe was increasing in the thirteenth and fourteenth century; â€Å"the number of â€Å"black† was rising among the Slavic and North African slave populations ... ...slave societies that emerged on Saint Louis and Gorà ©e. The emergence of slave societies created slave-owning merchants: â€Å"Gorà ©e and Saint Louis developed from a small society of signares, French merchants, and slaves into an urban slave society dominated by a slave-owning class of habitants† (Searing 107) due to the fact that slave society was an independent society from the Atlantic merchants and the habitants became obligatory intermediaries in the trade between the islands and the mainland (107). The urban slave population contained high proportion of skilled laborers and native born slaves who were less likely to revolt or run away (104). In conclusion, the relation between Africans and Europeans were mostly mutual. Africans should not be seen as victims of slavery as both parties profited and lost from each other, and were both victims in the Atlantic economy.

Monday, November 11, 2019

How tone is created in the story Of Clay are we created Essay

Tone is the attitude the author shows towards the story. And of Clay Are We Made written by Isabel Allende is a story where the author focuses on tone through setting, characterization, conflict, theme, special techniques, and diction. Where the price of human life is nothing, and the leaders are more concerned with other problems. The story takes place in Columbia, South America. For the author talks about the natural disaster taking place, and killing many leading it to create a sad tone. â€Å"In that vast cemetery where the odor of death was already attracting vultures from far away, and where the weeping of orphans and wails of the injured filled the air. †(Page 586) Hence making it obvious that the author is sad. The characters in this story are the Narrator, Rolf Carle, and Azucena. â€Å"The girl could not move, she could barely move, but she did not seem desperate, as if an ancestral resignation allowed her to accept her fate. †(Page 589) Azucena is stuck in the mud for she is pulled downwards by the corpses of her brothers and sisters, creating a sympathetic tone. Isabel clearly creates an admiring tone, when the narrator admires Rolf Carle for staying with Azucena and tries to help her. â€Å"Azucena and Rolf were by my side; I knew everything my love did to wrest the girl from her prison and help her endure her suffering. †(Page592) Therefore, the author creates an admiring and sympathetic tone through characterization. There is a conflict between Rolf and himself, when he understands that he can no longer run away from his past. â€Å"It was impossible for Rolf to flee from himself any longer, and the visceral terror he had lived as a boy suddenly invaded him. †(Page 593) Furthermore the internal conflict that takes place in the story builds up a thoughtful tone. The Theme in this short story is about the objectivity of reporting which creates a sympathetic tone. Emphasizing on the fact that even the reporter that is considered objective has feelings, and might be affected by the events and tragedies he or she sees. â€Å"Camera had a strange effect on him, I came to realize that this fictive distance seemed to protect him from his own emotions†¦your cameras lie forgotten in a closet†(page 588) In this excerpt the narrator is describing Rolf Carle, and states that when he was on air he was a different person. The camera had a strange effect on him, but later on after Azucena’s death he seemed to change and could no longer hide his emotions. The author uses special techniques in this story to build up tone. Isabelle foreshadows Azucena’s death and creates a sad tone. â€Å"A doctor stated that she had fever but added there was little he could do: antibiotics were being reserved for cases of gangrene. † (Page 592) Isabelle’s choice of words referred to as diction; is direct and filled with the narrator’s feelings. The author Isabelle Allende creates a sympathetic, admiring, sad tone through setting, characterization, conflict, theme, foreshadowing and diction. A natural disaster kills thousands of people; an objective reporter faces himself after meeting a young girl.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Biology Osmosis Observation

Biology laboratory work: Osmosis observation Measuring the dependence of net mass gain in potato pieces on concentration of sugar solution By Jonas Kulikauskas Siauliai Didzdvaris Gymnasium Hypothesis: The more sugar in solution, the more potato mass will decrease. Aim: To see how potato mass will change at different concentration solution. Research question: How the mass of potato will change at different concentration solutions? Variables: Dependent: solution concentration.Independent: sugar concentration in potatoes. Controlled: time, potato form. Apparatus: 1. 5 plastic cups 2. Distilated water 3. Potato 4. Knife 5. Clock 6. Electronical scales (Â ±0,05) 7. Bag of sugar 8. Measuring cylinder 9. Tap water Method: Peeling down the potato and cutting it into 1cm3 cubes (25 cubes) Weighing potatoes on the scales Putting different amount of sugar into five plastic cups (1st no sugar 2nd 6,8g 3rd 13,7g 4th 20,5 5th 27,4g) Adding 100ml of water to each of the cups Mixing the sugar with waterPutting in 5 potatoes into each cup Waiting 20 minutes Pulling out the potatoes, drying them up and putting on the scales Writing down new mass. Amount of sugar in solutionSolution concentration %Cup numberMass of five cubes before(Â ±0,05g)Mass of five cubes after (Â ±0,05g) 0g0%15,8g6g 6,8g6,37%25,1g5,2g 13,7g12,05%35,5g5,3g 20,5g17. 01%45,6g5,4g 27,4g21,51%55,5g5,3g Graph: While the concentration is from 0% to 6,37% the net mass gets bigger, later on from 12,05% to 21,51% the net mass gets smaller.When the concentration is from 0% to 6,37% the net mass change is positive, when from 17. 01% to 21,51% – negative. Conclusion: The potato lost more mass as it was submerged in bigger concentration solutions because the bigger concentration difference is, the osmosis will occurs more intensively. Evaluation: I think that laboratory work went pretty well, I managed to see the differences in potato mass change and make a conclusion of it. Next time I should write down origi nal numbers and not rounded ones to give more accurate results.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Gary Graham

Gary Graham, James Beathard, Irineo Montoya, Joseph Stanley, Jerry Lee Hogue, David Spence, Odell Barnes.... These are just a few Texans who were executed even though they may have been innocent. In a previous copy of Rolling Stone, the article Bush explained how 135 Texans have been executed during Governor George W. Bushs reign. The author, Erika Casriel, tells that no American governor has put more people to death than G.W. Bush. Ms. Casriel says that out of these 135 executed men some may be guiltless. In this article, Bush comes off as a harsh governor that allows men to go to death row without first receiving a fair trial, all while serving his own political purposes. The fact that Texas does not have a statewide public defenders office with trained and salaried lawyers suggests that a poor person may have an enormous disadvantage during a trial. As stated by a Texas attorney: ...the state puts not a penny into providing representation for indigent defendants. According to the article, the Chicago Tribune did an investigation and found that forty-one of the 135 executed under Bush had an attorney who was later disbarred or suspended. Ms. Casriel explains that defendants are vulnerable to the state of Texas during trial as well as during the appeals process. The article says that after his 1995 election, Bush passed a bill that shortened death row appeals a great deal. Bushs endorsed this bill by saying: Murderers who are sentenced to death will no longer be able to endlessly delay justice. A case that was affected by Bushs new appeal law was one of Jerry Lee Hogue. New technology, such as DNA testing, did not exist in Mr. Hogues initial trial in 1979. An appeal was filed on behalf of Jerry Hogue after Bush took office, the appeal was declined on account that the state felt it was an abuse of the process as redefine...

Monday, November 4, 2019

Thesis Proposal Social Media Marketing Plan for Loop

Social Media Marketing Plan for Loop - Thesis Proposal Example thesis proposal for e-marketing plan about Loop, World’s first mobile wallet that links cards, and provides competitive analysis and feasibility study about its e-marketing targets. Situation analysis is one of the most essential components of en e-marketing plan. It provides a comprehensive overview of a company’s current situation related to marketing activities and it can help the firm identify and focus on the key variables in terms of revenues, profitability, competition and performance (Smith and Taylor, 2004). Internal and external environmental analysis with help of tools such as SWOT will be used for conducting environmental scanning of Loop’s e-marketing activities. Loop, a recent project developed by Will Graylin and George Wallner, will be an amazing experience for all customers worldwide as they can store and organize all their cards on their Smartphone to be used in retail and other major outlets. Loop is going to pioneer linking of cards to Smartphone for customers’ shopping purposes. Using e-marketing strategies for promoting it worldwide will certainly open greater opportunities of wider marketing. The SWOT and environmental analysis of Loop will focus strengths and opportunities including focus on value creation, customer relationship, wider opportunity of global market, innovation and R&D advantages, growing trends of using cards in stores and people’s perception about safety and security of cards etc. The analysis will also focus on weaknesses and threats such as shopper’s acceptance of linking with Loop, storage and transmission capacities in Smartphone, alliance with mobile Smartphone companies, hacking and spy-ware etc. The main reason why e-marketing continues to create newer opportunities for marketing success is because it transforms marketing strategies to create more customer value through effective segmentation, targeting and positioning and creates exchanges that satisfy consumers’ requirements (Gay, Charlesworth and

Saturday, November 2, 2019

HSBC Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HSBC Social Responsibility - Essay Example Their coperate and social reponsibilites are degined in the areas of housing, community, Education, including the environment. HSBC invest in many educational programmes, they provide financial and economic welfare and scholarships to the students and also support the organizations that educate youth age 3-19. They also provide online guidelines to people who need financial assistance. Through their website "www.yourmoneycounts.com", they give financial and credit education in English and Spanish. The site is designed to help people in understanding more about saving and investing money on usefull measures. They also provide Financial Education Grant programme. HSBC has supported 36 organizations and granted over 3million dallars in order to develop financial literacy programs in the communities. They say they are committed to provide access to education. In order to find motivated and deserving students who can receive scholarships, they have formed partnerships with many organizations. Organizations like The United Negro College Fund, TheHispanic Scholarship Fund(HSF), University of Maryland University College (UMUC), and the Bennett College for Women. HSBC is also in patnership with Junior Achievement, the world's largest non-profit youth economic organization. ... Owning a home doesnot only meand providing a shelter and building persnil wealth but it also creates a scence of pride, resposibility, gives self satisfaction and a feelings of accomplishment which strengthens community. It provides a wide veriety of programs to promote home ownership. They support IDAs (industrial develepment accounts) with grants so that they could help people to save for down payment. They also contribute to those groups that educate and train people on the importance of financial aspects of homeownership. One programme coming up with solutions of neighbourhood housing problems is HOPI (Homeownership Preservation Initiative) and also with the city of Chicago, the institution known as Neighborhood Housing Services of Chicago and many other institutions. Such groups help in providing better shelter in affordable housing to the families in the neighbourhood of Chicago. It also helps in reducing foreclosures. The work day and night to provide people with loans, loans that are right for them and ensure that they follow and understand each rule and condition made by the firm and pay accordingly. But if the problems arise in repayment they also help people by offering programmes like the Foreclosure Avoidance Program, and the Consumer Rescue Fund. Green electricity in Australia, Brazil, the UK, and the US is also another example of its projects. HSBC group is trying to buy green electricity, which can be generated without the use of fossil fuels. Offsetting some remaining carbon dioxide emissions by the help of carbon allowances or credits. The Bank Working Ground that comes under the banner of the Climate Group is having its founder member as HSBC. In order to speed up the process of

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Cereal Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cereal Case - Essay Example Generation after generation of parents are persuaded through clever advertising that cereal is a healthy and delicious breakfast staple that will make their children grow up big and strong. Builds strong bones, will make you a better athlete, supplies vital daily nutrients -- are just some of the dialogues propounded by commercials. On a visit to the grocery store ‘Scott’s’ in Kendallville, Indiana; the popularity and demand for the breakfast cereals was evident by the sheer variety of cereals available. There are over a 100 kinds of cereals on offer, with prices ranging from $1.94 to $4.72, depending on the category and brand. Almost all brands of cereal are available; an entire isle with 5 shelves is devoted to cereals alone. At a glance the cereal market can be segmented into ready-to-eat (RTE) cereals (cold cereals) and hot cereals. RTE cereals just have to be added to milk, water or yogurt, according to individual preference, and they are ready to be consumed. On the other hand hot cereals have to be cooked before they can be consumed, although the cooking time is minimal and cereals can either be cooked over the stove or micro-waved. Often breakfast cereals are also fortified with various vitamins, to add further nutritious value to the meal. The cereals are especially popular because they can be ready to eat in a jiffy with minimal effort / time spent in preparing them. At the same time they satisfy the parents that the child is being appropriately fed even if takes no effort to prepare the said nutritious meal. The children on the other hand are quite happy to have a cereal that is full of all their favourite attributes, i.e. flavor as in; cocoa, strawberry, honey, etc., degree of crispiness, frost ed, sugared, etc., and of course comes with a surprise toy or represents an idolized cartoon / movie character. Teenagers, who have a very interesting yet

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Spanish, British, and French colonial experiences Essay Example for Free

Spanish, British, and French colonial experiences Essay For the Spanish, their motives were economic and religion. They wanted to Christianize Natives. They were mostly located in South America, Central America, and the West Indies. The British motives were only economical. They were located in North America and in the West Indies. The only type of people that were allowed to be with the Spanish were mostly only Catholics or you had to be from a noble family and you had to be homogenous. Anyone could be with the British. There were diverse races and the people were in Religious and Ethnic groups. The Spanish finances were based on Public/Crown Financed terms and for the British it was Joint Stock/Private terms. The Spanish had relations with exploited natives and they also believed in intermarrying with natives. They also believed in enslavement and they were associated with the Mestivo and they wanted to Christianize everyone. If you were not converted to Christian, you were killed. The British also had relations with exploited natives. They did not believe in intermarrying or enslavement. They did believe in Separation and Removal to the West. The Spanish government was highly centralized. There was less self-government. Governors were representatives of Crown- Viceroys There were no democratic traditions. The British government was decentralized and there was much more self-government. The British simply neglected to enforce or regulate. Democracys seeds are planted. Economically, many Spanish had tried exploiting and going home-they did not posses the mind set to develop as much as North Americans. Government regulation is in a form of regulation of emigration and trade. For the British, most settlers, stayed in New World and invested. The government stayed clear of economic activity for most part.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Autonomous Vehicle Parking Using Finite State Automata Information Technology Essay

Autonomous Vehicle Parking Using Finite State Automata Information Technology Essay Our project is based on the autonomous parking using finite state automata. The invention of the autonomous parking system in which the elevator, lifter and computer are connected in group such that each unit swap information as it require and then the system calculating processes of loading and unloading a car, issuing the parking ticket and then identifying the parking ticket. The parking system include a elevator , lifter, computer, database for storing vehicle number data and information data which only display that how many car are parking in different floors and then elevator load car , park in vacant floor and unloaded the car one by one and. The process of elevator is to pick and lift the car from ground to parking area and then back to it owns position. The present invention narrates to a system of controlling a autonomous parking system and calculating a parking fee and more principally to a parking control system to which a computer, a control unit, a parking ticket issuer, and a parking ticket recognizer are connected through a network for allowing any required information to be used among them. Description of the Prior Art Generally in a conventional autonomous parking system, a car is moved to a respective floor along hoist way with use of a lift, and then parked in respective parking space with use of pallets. In that system, a fee calculator and a parking ticket issuer are separately operated such that each operation of a parking machine, a parking ticket issuer, and the fee calculator is performed separately. History The parking of vehicles in the employment center of larger cities of the world has increasingly become a major problem. Not only is there insufficient available land for surface parking but the high cost of the land makes such a use economically infeasible. In addition, the aggregation of a large amount of vehicles causes traffic, environmental, aesthetic, and pollution problems. The solution to locate parking facilities in more remote areas where land cost are lower is also not feasible because of inconvenient distances to areas of employment and potential safety and security problem To construct large underground parking facility in these congested center city areas also create major problem because of the high cost of the instruction the multitude of underground utility encountered and the inevitable distribution to existing services during the construction period This complex situation indicates that the use of small low volume underground parking facility with the capability of the fitting within the existing infra structure would be highly desirable. Not only would be they be able to be located conveniently to the drivers destination but they also have potential to maintain the surface above the parking facility in a park Other generators that demand more convenient, close or adjacent parking solution include office buildings, apartments, hotels and institutions where surface parking would not meet the requirements by reason of restricted land area, high land costs, inconvenient access, security, and environmental factors. In response to these needs for alternative and convenient parking, the engineering group endeavored to engineer a solution. They had previously solved couples design challenges in the construction industry by utilizing an approach that included standardization and variety reduction in order to reduce construction costs and time and to provide greater consumer benefit. Their solution was autonomous parking system, a modular automated parking system that could be installed below or above ground, alone or in repeat modules. This approach provided the advantages of minimizing inconvenience, expediting construction time, and lowering construction cost. Its compact area permitted it to be built in center city areas, while avoiding the problems of interference with dense underground utilities and major disruptions to these services. INTRODUCTION Autonomous parking is an autonomous car planning from a line of traffic into a parking place to perform parallel parking. The autonomous parking intends to develop the ease and safety of driving in controlled situations where much attention and knowledge is required to steer the vehicle. The parking scheme is achieved by means of synchronized control of the steering angle and speed which takes into account the actual circumstance in the environment to make sure collision-free motion within the available space. OR The automated vehicle parking system for a parking facility that be in handle with a vehicle approaching or leaving the facility with RF signals, or the like, that identify the vehicle and sends the vehicle identification number, time of day, and lane number to a central computer for calculating the parking cost based on rates for each individual vehicle stored in the computer. [7] EVOLUTIONARY FUNCTIONAL TEST OF THE AUTONOMOUS PARKING SYSTEM THE AUTONOMOUS PARKING SYSTEM As an automobile manufacturer, DaimlerChrysler is continuously developing new systems in order to improve vehicle safety, quality, and comfort. Within this context, prototypical vehicle systems are developed, which support autonomous vehicle parking a function that might be introduced to the market in some years time. The autonomous parking systems regarded in this paper are intended to automate parking lengthways into a parking space, like shown in Fig.1. For this purpose, the vehicle is equipped with environmental sensors, which register objects surrounding the vehicle. On passing along, the system can recognize sufficiently large parking spaces and can signal to the driver that a parking space has been found. If the driver decides to park in the vehicle can do this automatically. Fig 1: Functionality of Autonomous Parking System [1] In Fig.2 the system environment for the autonomous parking system is shown. The inputs are sensor data, which contain information on the state of the vehicle, e.g. vehicle speed or steering position, and information from the environmental sensors, which register objects on the left and right hand side of the vehicle. For output the system possesses an interface to the vehicle actors, where the vehicles velocity and steering angle will be set. The internal structure of the autonomous parking Fig 2: System Environment- [2] The parking space detection processes the data from the environmental sensor systems and delivers the recognized geometry of a parking space if it has been detected to be sufficiently large. The parking controller component uses the geometry data of the parking space together with the data from the vehicle sensors to steer the vehicle through the parking procedure. For this purpose, velocity and steering angle are set for the vehicle actors. Fig 3: Subcomponents of Autonomous Parking System [3] Some proposals for solving of parking problems A good decision is to be built automated parking systems for cars preferably served by stacker cranes (see fig 4), that are the basic element of the automated warehouse structures. Fig 4: [4] Brief Description about FINITE STATE AUTOMATA Finite-State Automata A finite-state transducer whose output components are ignored is called a finite-state automaton. Formally, a  finite-state  automaton  M is a tuple , where Q,  , q0, and F are defined as for finite-state transducers, and the transition table  Ã‚  is a relation from Q ÃÆ'- (  Ã‚  {}) to Q. Kinds of Finite State Automata 1. DFA 2. NFA What is NFA? In the theory of computation, nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA)  is a  finite state machine  where for each pair of state and input symbol there may be several possible next states. This distinguishes it from the  deterministic finite automaton  (DFA), where the next possible state is uniquely determined. Although the DFA and NFA have distinct definitions, it may be shown in the formal theory that they are equivalent, in that, for any given NFA, one may construct an equivalent DFA, and vice-versa: this is the  power set construction. Both types of automata recognize only  regular languages. Non-deterministic finite state machines are sometimes studied by the name  sub shifts of finite type. Non-deterministic finite state machines are generalized by  probabilistic automata, which assign a probability to each state transition. Formal Definition Two similar types of NFAs are commonly defined: the NFA and the  NFA with ÃŽÂ µ-moves. The ordinary NFA is defined as a  5-tuple, (Q, ÃŽÂ £,  T,  q0, F), consisting of a finite  set  of states  Q a finite set of  input symbols  ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ £ a transition  function  T  :  Q  ÃƒÆ'- ÃŽÂ £ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  P(Q). an  initial  (or  start) state  q0  Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‹â€ Ã‚  Q a set of states  F  distinguished as  accepting  (or  final)  states  F  Ãƒ ¢Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬  Ã‚  Q. What is DFA? In the  theory of computation, a  deterministic finite state machine-also known as  deterministic finite state automaton  (DFSA) is a  finite state machine  where for each pair of state and input symbol there is one and only one transition to a next state, as opposed to a  nondeterministic finite-state machine, which has the possibility of multiple transitions . DFAs recognize the set of  regular languages  and no other languages. A DFA will take in a string of input symbols. For each input symbol it will then transition to a state given by following a transition function. When the last input symbol has been received it will either accept or reject the string depending on whether the DFA is in an accepting state or a non-accepting state. Formal Definition A DFA is a 5-tuple, (Q, ÃŽÂ £, ÃŽÂ ´,  q0,  F), consisting of a finite set of  states  (Q) a finite set of input symbols called the  alphabet  (ÃŽÂ £) a transition  function  (ÃŽÂ ´Ã‚  :  Q  ÃƒÆ'- ÃŽÂ £ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  Q) a  start state  (q0  Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‹â€ Ã‚  Q) a set of  accept states  (F  Ãƒ ¢Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬  Ã‚  Q) Finite State Machine of Autonomous Vehicle parking Language (L) = {pick car, first floor, second floor, third floor, go to, back, ground, elevator} Third Floor Second Floor First Floor Elevator Ground stand Back into position goto Pick Car back goto goto goto Back back goto goto Fig 5 Finite State Machine of Autonomous Vehicle parking NFA to DFA Finite State Machine of Autonomous Vehicle parking Let assigned digit code to each statement in above machine. e d c b a 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 Tabular Form S x I 0 1 a A B b A cde c A D d C E e D error cde Acd de acd Ac bde de Cd E ac A bd bde Acd cde cd Ac de bd Ac cde b a cde cd de ac bde DFA Machine 0 0 1 0 1 0 acd 1 1 1 0 0 0 bd 1 0 1 1 0 0 Q={a,b,c,d,e} q0={a} qf={a,c,d,e} Language= {0,1} S=Q X I S= (a, 0) = a S= (a, 1) = b S= (b, 0) = a S= (b, 1) = cde S=(c, 0) = a S=(c, 1) = d S= (d, 0) = c S= (d, 1) = e S= (e, 0) = d S= (e, 1) =error Autonomous Parking Solutions Autonomous parking solutions are capable to way store huge number of vehicles within sufficient space. How Autonomous Parking System works The procedure of autonomous parking solution begins as soon as elevator come to pick the car, the door I s then closed and after that stored into vacant parking space and automatically return to entry box when we press the button. Maximizing the use of space for parking Besides the ease of parking for the user, maximum parking capacity is guaranteed because there are no slopes of carriageways with the autonomous parker. Reasons why Autonomous Parking System is the ideal solution There are several reason why autonomous park is the ideal solution because whenever and wherever the huge number of vehicle park need to be park over the available space, e.g. optimum access times, comfortable operation, protection against theft, robbery, burglary and harm, low maintenance requirements, and last but not least, high adaptability to the individual garage planning project with respect to the options regarding maximum possible car heights. [6] Automated Parking General Descriptions Below is a list of terms and definitions to better assist you in understanding the nomenclature in the FATA Sky parks automated parking systems. Entry section The point where the driver parks their vehicle. Exit section The point where the driver retrieves their vehicle and where the APS will transport the vehicle when the request is made. Joint Entry and Exit The vehicle is dropped off and picked up at the same section. This option requires extra space allow for a turntable to turn the vehicle around. Turntable Speeds up the retrieval time by simplifying the exit system in combination sections. The vehicle is turned 180 degrees and is ready to be driven forward out of the Combined Entry/Exit module, rather than being backed out. Robot Shuttle The mechanical part of the system that picks up the parked vehicle in the entry/exit or combo section and moves the vehicles horizontally along the primary walkway to a vertical lift or available parking space. Multiple robots can be used. Dedicated Robots Robot shuttles that are dedicated to each parking floor. benefit once the vehicle is put down on a vertical lift the robot can retrieve another call on that level. The dedicated choice is generally a faster system. Roaming Robots Robot shuttles that travel through the system with the vehicles on them by riding up on a end-of-aisle lift. Benefit less robots are used, but release times are compact. Autonomous The robots move separately from each other. Advantage if a robot requires service the efficiency of the system is only modestly affected. Off-Corridor Vertical Lift The portion of the system that moves the vehicles vertically from the entry level to an above/below ground-parking floor. Used in conjunction with dedicated robot shuttles and only transfers the vehicle to alternate floors. Typically used on systems that have a robot aisle greater than 75-100 in length to increase delivery speeds. End-of-aisle Vertical Lift The section of the system that moves the vehicles vertically from the entry level to an above/below ground-parking floor. Used in combination with Roaming robot transports and lifts the robot carry and vehicle to alternate floors. Typically used for systems with a robot aisle less than 100 in length. Layout The organization of the parking structure including the demonstration of parked vehicles off of the robot aisle. Conventional parking pass on to the typical concrete parking structures with vehicle slope access to multiple floors. Non-Automated Queuing Time Queuing time refers to the time necessary the system is busy before another vehicle is allowed to enter the system. Queuing time is dependent relative on the entry and exit time of the driver (length of time to depart or enter the parked car) and the amount of automated lifts, robots, and entry / exit modules utilized. Attendant Requirements No attendant is required, however, an attendant is useful in assisting drivers to negotiate the system. If the parking lot is open to the public and not strictly the building tenants, an attendant is recommended. Benefit of parking Guidance System/Autonomous Parking System The obvious benefit of automated parking systems  is the ability to fit more cars in less space which can solve many parking problems, but there are many other benefits to the developer, operator,  consumer and society in general.   For example, consider the countless acres  of open space consumed by  parking lots  and all the storm water runoff generated by that entire impervious surface.   Self park ramp garages  are more efficient, but still take twice the space as an automated parking facility.     By contrast, automated parking garages are a green solution since they  preserve open space,  have low energy consumption and have no carbon emissions, because vehicles are shut off before being parked in the system. General benefits Decrease in time spent for searching parking. The efficiency and accessibility benefits from reduced searching can also cause good result in some lessening in accidents due to reduced driver frustration Reduced pollution. Changes in pollutant emissions due to Parking Guidance information are most closely related to changes in overall travel time, for example, yearly pollutant release are reported to have been reduced due to a PGI system in Munich, Germany. Reduction in traffic jams due to fewer cars driving around for spaces searching.   Elimination of stand in line entering parking facilities because drivers will not go to a facility where there is no available space.   Reduction in unlawfully parked vehicles.   Better distribution of flow and parking demand through the area. Autonomous parking systems result in higher revenues and profitability for the parking facilities.   Operator Benefits    Reduced labor    Reduced liability    Reduced lighting HVAC      Total control over access enforcement Consumer Social Benefits    Eliminate fender benders    Eliminate theft and vandalism    Reduce carbon emissions    Preserve open space Highlights of autonomous parking The main highlights of the automated parking systems served by stacker crane in comparison with other systems are: optimum use of the available space, minimum room of a parking automobile, no need of platforms and staircases, module principle of building, that meets the requirements of the clients, shortening the time needed for building a parking system, Less time for parking and forwarding because of the high traveling speed of the stacker crane and simultaneously vertical and horizontal movement and so on. Examples of Autonomous Parking System Features of Hoboken, New Jersey Benefits of the autonomous parking system include: optimization of space utilization, security, convenience, lower garage owners liability insurance, greater reduction schedule, lower lighting and ventilation requirements (no cars driving around inside; no people go inside), and lower emissions and less pollution (clean parking system). Car Towers at the Autostadt: A Hive for Beetles Fig [5] Features The Car Towers is a 20-story tall car storage space tower in Wolfsburg, Germany. Its owned operated by Volkswagen, which enlighten why all the cars around 800 at full capacity are VWs. The Car Towers has often been used to demonstrate public parking garages of the future even though its a private endeavor that merely allows VW to save space. Dubai Robotic Car park Fig - [8] Features The robotic car park in Deira, Dubai (above) doesnt have the enough storage space of the Car Towers (14 cars instead of 800) but it is practical, workable and open for business. A 67-car capacity robot car park in New Yorks Chinatown works on the same principal. CONCLUSIONS The future belongs to the automated parking garages and the efforts made in this direction account for the investments. Automated parking garages are better decision from the social point of view. For example the owners of cars who park their cars in parking automat are forced to pay higher parking charges. This is extremely important in order to shorten the time for servicing a single cell for parking, which is a basic criteria in building automated parking systems for cars. Summary The primary purpose of this autonomous parking study was to determine short-term and long-term recommendations to improve parking in cities. The parking study initially evaluated existing conditions, determined primarily through reviews of background materials (including previous parking studies), . The examination of existing conditions provided the baseline data from which future development, with its impact on parking supply and demand, could be evaluated. Finally, parking alternatives were considered to address future needs, as well as improve the utilization and efficiency of existing parking resources. Future parking alternatives included potential parking supply changes, as well as general parking management strategies.